Changes can affect three fundamentals of security composed of as confidentiality, availability and ________.

Changes can affect three fundamentals of security composed of as confidentiality, availability and ________.

• A. Authenticity
• B. Integrity
• C. Confidentiality
• D. Availability

Answer: (B)

Security is often thought of in three fundamentals: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Integrity means data and systems stay accurate, complete, and trustworthy, reflecting only authorized changes. When changes occur—whether from legitimate updates, user input, or malicious tampering—the information can become altered or corrupted, breaking its truthfulness and reliability. Even if confidentiality is preserved (data isn’t disclosed to outsiders) and availability remains, compromised integrity means you can’t trust the data or the system’s state. For example, a tampered record or a corrupted log shows the data isn’t trustworthy. In contrast, confidentiality is about who can see the data, and availability is about who can use the service; neither guarantees that the data remains correct. So the missing fundamental is integrity.

Security is often thought of in three fundamentals: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Integrity means data and systems stay accurate, complete, and trustworthy, reflecting only authorized changes. When changes occur—whether from legitimate updates, user input, or malicious tampering—the information can become altered or corrupted, breaking its truthfulness and reliability. Even if confidentiality is preserved (data isn’t disclosed to outsiders) and availability remains, compromised integrity means you can’t trust the data or the system’s state. For example, a tampered record or a corrupted log shows the data isn’t trustworthy. In contrast, confidentiality is about who can see the data, and availability is about who can use the service; neither guarantees that the data remains correct. So the missing fundamental is integrity.